![]() The process of converting nitrogen into ammonia is known as the Haber-Bosch process.The most common physical form of nitrogen is a colorless gas.True bismuth is the only metallic element of Group 15.According to periodic trends, bismuth is the strongest reducing agent since it has an electronegativity value of 1.9, which is the same as antimony, but it has a lower ionization energy of 703 kJ/mol, which means it is more likely to get oxidized.According to periodic trends, bismuth has the greatest atomic radius.False both nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals.Red phosphorus comes from white phosphorus when it is heated to about 573 Kelvin. Red phosphorus and white phosphorus are both allotropes of phosphorus.N 2 has a triple covalent bond that is strong and hard to break. ![]() The earth's crust is made up of 0.11% phosphorus, so 99.89% of the earth's crust is not made up of phosphorus.0.002% of the earth's crust is made up of nitrogen.Phosphorus has many applications: phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3) is used in soaps, detergents, plastics, synthetic rubber nylon, motor oils, insecticides and herbicides phosphoric acid, H 3PO 4, is used in fertilizers phosphorus is also prevalent in the food industry, used in baking powders, instant cereals, cheese, the curing of ham, and in the tartness of soft drinks. Both white and red phosphorus are incendiary and have been used to make match tips, although the use of white phosphorus has been largely discontinued due to toxicity. ![]() Red phosphorus has a chain-like polymeric structure, and is more stable. Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus. Red phosphorous forms when white phosphorous is heated to 573 Kelvin and not exposed to air. White phosphorus is toxic, while red phosphorus is nontoxic. White phosphorus is a white, waxy solid that can be cut with a knife. Phosphorus exhibits allotropic forms: the most common forms at room temperature are white phosphorus and red phosphorus. These include compounds such as fluorapatite (Ca 5(PO 4) 3F), which in fluoridated water is used to strengthen teeth, and hydroxylapatite (Ca 10(OH) 2(PO 4) 6), a major component of tooth enamel and bone material. Phosphorous is not found pure in nature, but in the form of apatite ores. The main source of phosphorus compounds is phosphorus rocks. Phosphorus is the eleventh most abundant element, making up 0.11% of the earth's crust. The most common oxidation state of phosphorus is -3. ![]() Hydrazine is a good reducing agent, and methyl hydrazine is commonly used as a rocket fuel. Hydrazine, N 2H 4, is a poisonous, colorless liquid that explodes in air. Nitrogen oxide is found in smog and neurotransmitters. Nitrous oxide, also called “laughing gas,” is used in dental work, child birth, and to increase the speed of cars. The oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen include nitrous oxide (N 2O), nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). ![]()
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